He is active in the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion and has lectured there on "Evolution and Fine-Tuning in Biology." It remains the largest collaborative biological project in history. Engineering and manufacturing became one of the highly demanded industries on the globe and it led to the rise of unparalleled career opportunity for engineers. In other words, the scientists listed here are influential because of the groundbreaking scientific work they have done and its impact on the world. The 20+ Greatest Engineers of All Time 1. Larry Page 5. She won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, alongside Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for her research on the genetic control of embryonic development. Kao earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from University College London. These discoveries revolutionized the fields of development, endocrinology, and metabolism, as well as their disorders, pointing to new tactics for drug discovery and important new applications in biotechnology and modern medicine. Web resource: Timothy Berners-Lee's Home Page. Entrepreneur, engineer and industrial designer, Elon Musk, is famous as founder of the electronic payment firm PayPal, and the SpaceX spacecraft company. The latter was another controversial work which argued that the natural sciences are destined to replace the social sciences and even the humanities. He is currently editor-in-chief of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. PCR, because of its ability to extract DNA from fossils, is also the basis of the new scientific discipline of paleobiology. Kao, a native of Shanghai, also founded the Independent Schools Foundation Academy (ISF) in Hong Kong in 2000. This is the only published paper in scientific history with three independent Nobel laureates collaborating as authors (the other two were Francis Crick and Aaron Klug). Peter Higgs is a theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh. Hau's latest research has continued to be centered on cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. It is. Michael Bloomberg 2. Average salary: $83,540 (£63,570) (higher for chartered personnel). The ISB was established to integrate biology, technology, and computation to create a new approach to the study of biological systems from an integrated or whole-system perspective. Knoll's work has been pivotal to our understanding of the history of life on earth during the Precambrian period, especially the Ediacaran fauna. Not only did these instruments help to decipher biological information, they also introduced the concept of high-throughput data accumulation through automation and parallelization of protein and DNA chemistries. Roger Penrose is a mathematician and mathematical physicist. titled "Darwin's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation." He holds three honorary doctorates and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. It is the world's largest chimpanzee sanctuary outside of Africa. The Foundation is privately endowed, and holds a portfolio of high-risk, high-tech, large-scale initiatives in the areas of fundamental science, medicine, and the environment. I am a little biased, being a Brit, but the Isambard Kingdom... 3. Marks II is the Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. His discovery of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has enabled the medical community to detect the HIV virus and analyze DNA. Web resource: Stephen Hawking's Home Page. In 2009, he was elected as a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences. While there, he proposed using hypertext to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers. Bernard Arnault 7. George M. Whitesides is a Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University. Superclass: 14 of the world's best living programmers Jon Skeet. Eric R. Kandel is University Professor & Kavli Professor of Brain Science in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University. Most of Varmus's scientific research was conducted at the University of California-San Francisco's Medical School, where he and his colleagues studied the cellular origins of oncogenes in a chicken retrovirus. Varmus is also widely known for his research on the replication cycles of retroviruses and of the hepatitis B family of viruses, as well as on the functions of genes implicated in cancer and the development of mouse models of human cancer. In 1999, President Bill Clinton awarded Baltimore the National Medal of Science for his prodigious contributions to science. 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